Lighting duration is a crucial factor in breeding management, which directly affects the growth, reproduction, behavior and health status of animals. Different kinds of animals have different needs for light, and scientific and reasonable arrangement of lighting duration can significantly improve breeding efficiency and animal welfare. The following are the main effects of different lighting duration on farming.

 

(Image source:Pexels)

 

1.Effect on growth performance

  *Appropriate lighting duration: can promote the metabolism of animals, improve feed conversion, accelerate growth.

  *Too long lighting duration: may cause animals to be overactive, consume too much energy, but affect growth.

  *Too short light duration: may inhibit the animal's appetite and activity, resulting in slow growth.

 

2.Effect on reproductive performance

  *Poultry (e.g. chickens)

   Increase the lighting duration: can stimulate the gonad development of hens, improve the egg production rate. A cycle of 16 hours of lighting and 8 hours of darkness is usually used.

   Reduce lighting duration: May result in a decrease in egg production or even stop egg production.

  *Mammals (e.g. pigs)

   Appropriate lighting duration: helps to regulate the estrus cycle of sows and improve reproductive efficiency.

   Too short light duration: may delay the sow's estrus and affect reproductive performance.

 

3.Effect on behavior

  *Regular lighting cycles: help animals develop a stable biological clock and reduce stress responses.

  *Sudden changes in lighting: May cause anxiety, increased aggression, or decreased appetite in animals.

  *Excessive lighting duration: May make the animal overactive, increasing the risk of fighting and injury.

 

4.Effect on immunity

  *Appropriate lighting: can enhance the immunity of animals, reduce the incidence of disease.

  *Too short lighting duration: May suppress immune system function and increase the risk of disease.

  *Too long lighting duration: may lead to animal fatigue, reduced immunity.

 

5.Effect on feed utilization

  *Appropriate lighting duration: can promote the regular feeding of animals, improve feed utilization.

  *Too short lighting duration: may reduce animal feed intake, affecting growth and reproduction.

  *Excessive lighting duration: May cause animals to expend excessive energy and reduce feed conversion.

 

6.Effect on meat quality and egg quality

  *Poultry

   Appropriate lighting duration: can improve eggshell quality and egg nutrients.

   Too long lighting duration: may lead to eggshell thinning, egg quality decline.

  *Mammal

   Appropriate lighting duration: helps to improve meat quality, increase muscle fat content and taste.

   Too short lighting duration: may lead to poor meat quality and insufficient fat deposition.

 

7.Effect on animal welfare

  *Appropriate lighting duration: can improve animal comfort and happiness, reduce abnormal behavior (such as feather pecking, tail biting, etc.).

  *Too short lighting duration: May cause depression and abnormal behavior in animals.

  *Too long lighting duration: may make animals tired and affect their normal rest.

 

8.Effect on economic efficiency

  *Scientific lighting management: can improve breeding efficiency, reduce feed costs and medical costs, increase economic benefits.

  *Unreasonable lighting time: may lead to slow growth, low reproductive efficiency and frequent diseases, increasing breeding costs.

 

Conclusion

Scientific and reasonable arrangement of lighting time is the key to improve breeding efficiency and animal welfare. Different kinds of animals have different needs for light, and farmers should formulate appropriate Lighting Solutions according to the types of animals, growth stages and breeding objectives.

 

Xiamen Good Light Technology Ltd. is a company that specializes in poultry and livestock farming lighting solutions design and R&D, production and sales of poultry and livestock lighting products. Our latest product intelligent farming lighting system, it is not only a lighting duration control system ,but also a lighting management control system. Through accurate lighting management, it can improve the growth rate and reproductive performance of animals, improve the quality of meat and eggs, reduce the incidence of disease, and ultimately maximize economic benefits.

 

 

It is well known that chickens are highly sensitive to light and have a high perception of light color. However, do you know what effects different light colors have on poultry farming?

 

Under normal circumstances, 5000K led poultry light is used for broiler farming.

The blue light component with a color temperature of 5000K can effectively stimulate the appetite of broilers, increase their feed intake, and thereby promote weight gain. The red light component can enhance metabolic levels and help broilers utilize feed energy more efficiently.

 

3000K led poultry light is used for breeder farming. Warm white light with a color temperature of 3000K is closer to sunlight, which can better balance the ratio of red and blue light, stimulate the production of sex hormones in breeders, promote the development and maturation of the reproductive system, and is conducive to improving reproductive performance.

 

In the early growth stage of broilers, green light treatment can significantly enhance weight gain. Green light stimulation can increase the secretion of growth-promoting axis hormones in the later embryonic stage and early brooding stage of broilers, enhance the mitotic activity of skeletal muscle satellite cells, and up-regulate myogenic regulatory factors, thereby promoting muscle growth. In addition, green light can improve the structure of the small intestinal mucosa in broilers, promote the proliferation of intestinal gland cells and small intestinal goblet cells, enhance the efficiency of nutrient digestion and absorption, and thereby promote growth and development.

 

In the later growth stage of broilers, blue light can significantly increase the feed conversion rate, enabling broilers to achieve higher weight gain with the same feed intake. Blue light can stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). These two hormones respectively regulate the development of the ovaries and testicles, thereby promoting the maturation of the reproductive system. Blue light can promote the synthesis of muscle proteins and enhance the quality of meat. For instance, blue light can improve indicators such as pectoral muscle weight and leg muscle weight in broilers, and reduce the feed-to-weight gain ratio (F/G), enabling broilers to utilize feed more efficiently.

 

During the rearing stage of young chickens, green light irradiation should be used. However, after they reach sexual maturity and start laying eggs, red light irradiation can be switched to. Red light can promote the secretion of gonadotropins in laying hens, thereby facilitating follicular development and ovulation, and thus increasing egg production. In addition, red light can also improve the biological clock of laying hens and reduce the impact of biological clock disorder on the regularity and stability of egg production.

 

Ultraviolet radiation can convert 7-dehydrocholesterol in chicken skin into vitamin D3, thereby promoting the absorption of calcium in feed and ensuring bone health. Ultraviolet rays can kill harmful microorganisms in the chicken house environment and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Indoor breeding can simulate natural light through LED lighting and be regularly disinfected in combination with ultraviolet lamps.

 

Xiamen Good Light Technology Co., Ltd. has recently launched the Two-color LED poultry farming lighting products. They belong to the poultry growth lighting. Two light colors can be switched on one lamp. It can meet the breeding needs of different chicken breeds and at different stages. It can improve the breeding environment of chicken houses and promote the healthy growth and development of poultry. The company is committed to creating unmanned breeding and more energy-efficient, environmentally friendly and healthy closed poultry houses sustainable farming lighting

Website: www.xmgoodlight.com

Online store: xmgoodlight.en.made-in-china.com

Direct contact Email: anne@xmgoodlight.com

 

Intelligent Poultry Farming Lighting

 

 

In modern poultry farming, an increasing number of farms are adopting LED lighting systems to raise poultry. Why?

Because the poultry lighting system is energy-saving, and it has lighting control capability and strong environmental adaptability.

 

What kind of LED lighting system is the most suitable for poultry farming?

 

First, energy conservation and high efficiency

The energy consumption of LED lights is only 1/10 that of incandescent lamps and 1/4 that of energy-saving lamps. Their lifespan can reach 30,000 to 50,000 hours.

 

Second, adjustable spectrum

The LED light source supports regulation of different wavelength bands such as blue light (for promoting growth), green light (for promoting growth), and red light (for enhancing reproductive performance). It can also achieve the function of gradually brightening and gradually dimming, simulating the changes of natural light to reduce the stress response of the chicken flock.

 

Third, environmental adaptability

LED lights have a high level of water resistance, such as IP67, and are suitable for chicken house environments with high humidity and a lot of dust. They also support high-pressure water gun cleaning, making maintenance very convenient.

 

Fourth, intelligent control

The modern lighting system, combined with Internet of Things technology, can automatically adjust the duration, intensity, color temperature and lighting area of the light, reducing the cost of manual intervention and increasing the economic benefits of the poultry farm.

 

How to find the most suitable LED lighting system for poultry farming?

 

HERE. 

Xiamen Good Light Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in the research, production and sales of LED intelligent lighting systems. Our intelligent lighting system includes LED poultry light bubs, lighting controller and cable waterproof lampholder connecting lines. Our lights have an IP67 waterproof and dustproof rating, which enables them to adapt well to the complex environment of chicken houses.

By using our system, you can easily adjust the lighting parameters, such as the light duration, intensity, color and area of the lighting. You can manage the lighting for the breeding process, allowing the lighting to promote the healthy growth of poultry and enhance their reproductive performance. With this energy-saving and cost-effective lighting system, the annual electricity bill can be reduced by 70% to 80%. And the PI (performance index) will be increased by 10% to 20%.

 

It's time to use science technology to transform your farm. Act quickly!

 

Intelligent Lighting System Product Link:

LED Poultry Light Bulb

LED Intelligent lighting controller

Cable Waterproof Lampholder Connecting Line

 

In high-intensity environments such as warehousing, sorting, and last-mile delivery, continuous charging of handheld devices (handheld terminals, barcode scanners, tablets, etc.) is a key driver of operational efficiency. A single charging setup often cannot meet the concurrent charging, heat management, and on-site administration needs of the same workspace, leading to queues, throttled devices, or increased maintenance costs. LVSUN’s 10-USB-C Centralized Charging Station is designed to address these challenges with high-density port outputs, intelligent thermal management, and centralized control, enabling wholesalers to deploy a one-stop charging solution and boost device turnover within a given time, while keeping the workspace tidy.

       ·High density and scalable output: Centralized charging for multiple handheld devices and peripherals, significantly reducing on-site cabling and outlet requirements, and increasing desktop utilization.

       ·USB-C PD fast charging: Supports mainstream fast-charging protocols to quickly restore device readiness during peak periods, improving turnover efficiency for wholesale teams.

       ·Intelligent thermal management and safety: Integrated cooling channels and temperature-control strategies maintain low temperature rise, mitigating heat-related performance degradation; built-in protections such as overcurrent and short-circuit protection enable unified monitoring by operations teams.

       ·Deployment-friendly and operational convenience: Standardized installation guidelines, centralized monitoring, and logging reduce upfront installation costs and future expansion challenges.

In warehouses, sorting centers, and logistics dispatch, large volumes of handheld devices must be charged and cycled quickly within constrained spaces and with high personnel turnover. The 500W 10-USB-C Centralized Charging Station, with its high-density charging, unified thermal control, and simplified cabling, helps wholesale scenarios achieve: reduced charging wait times, improved on-site management efficiency, scalable expansion for growing operations, and a significantly lower total cost of ownership (TCO).

In today’s digital era, where viewers expect crystal-clear visuals and uninterrupted connectivity, ensuring the reliability of cable TV (CATV) signal transmission is more critical than ever. One of the key technologies driving this reliability is MMIC – Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits. These compact, high-performance components are transforming the way signals are processed and transmitted, particularly in demanding applications like CATV.

 

What Are MMICs and Why Do They Matter in CATV?

MMICs are highly integrated semiconductor devices that operate at microwave and RF frequencies. In cable TV systems, they are commonly used as amplifiers that boost signal strength while preserving signal quality. Unlike traditional discrete component designs, MMICs offer:

  • High performance

  • Compact size

  • Excellent reliability and consistency

These traits are essential in maintaining CATV system stability across various network environments.

 

How Sanland’s MMIC Amplifiers Enhance CATV Performance

At Sanland, our MMIC amplifier series is engineered to address key challenges in CATV signal transmission. Here's how our solutions make a difference:

1. Low Noise, High Clarity

Signal degradation is a major concern in CATV networks. Sanland’s Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) amplify weak signals with minimal added noise, ensuring a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and delivering clear, uninterrupted images and sound.

2. Excellent Impedance Matching

Impedance mismatches can lead to signal reflections and distortions. Our CATV impedance amplifiers help maintain uniform impedance across the transmission line, reducing signal loss and ensuring a stable signal over long distances.

3. Scalable, Cascadable Design

In large-scale networks, multiple amplification stages are often necessary. Sanland’s cascadable MMIC amplifiers simplify system design by allowing seamless integration without additional tuning components—ideal for flexible and scalable deployments.

4. Precision Control with Variable Gain

Signal strength can vary due to factors like distance or environmental changes. Our digitally controlled variable gain amplifiers enable real-time gain adjustment, ensuring consistent performance across your entire CATV system.

 

Why It Matters to CATV Operators

In today’s competitive landscape, network reliability is customer loyalty. MMIC-based amplification helps reduce signal dropouts, improve service stability, and deliver consistent viewing experiences—all of which reduce support costs and improve user satisfaction.

 

Conclusion: Building More Reliable CATV Networks with MMIC

MMIC amplifiers are no longer optional—they’re essential for modern CATV systems. With Sanland’s advanced MMIC solutions, operators can build robust, high-performance networks that meet growing customer demands for stability, quality, and clarity.

 

Explore Sanland’s MMIC product line here or contact us to find out how we can support your next-generation CATV systems.

Wireless networks are the backbone of modern communication, supporting everything from mobile phones to IoT devices. One crucial component that ensures optimal wireless network performance is the Low Noise Amplifier (LNA). LNAs are designed to amplify weak signals without adding significant noise, which is critical for maintaining signal integrity and boosting network efficiency.

At Sanland, we understand the challenges faced by network engineers and telecom providers when it comes to optimizing wireless networks. In this article, we’ll explore how to choose the best LNA for wireless network optimization and discuss the key factors that should guide your decision.

 

1. Understand the Role of LNA in Wireless Networks

The primary function of an LNA is to amplify weak radio frequency (RF) signals received from antennas, enabling the signal to travel further and reach receivers without distortion. However, the amplifier must operate in such a way that it does not introduce additional noise, which could degrade the overall system performance.

In wireless network optimization, LNAs are often used in various applications, including:

  • Base stations for cellular networks

  • Point-to-point communication links

  • IoT devices that rely on low-power consumption

  • Satellite communication and other long-range wireless technologies

Selecting the right LNA ensures that the signals are clean and strong enough to provide uninterrupted service.

 

2. Key Factors to Consider When Choosing an LNA

Choosing the best LNA for your wireless network optimization requires careful consideration of several factors. Here are the most important ones:

a. Low Noise Figure (NF)

The noise figure (NF) is a critical specification for any LNA. It represents how much noise the amplifier introduces to the signal. The lower the NF, the better the LNA will perform in terms of signal clarity. A low NF is particularly important for wireless networks that operate in noisy environments, as it ensures minimal degradation of the received signal.

At Sanland, our LNAs are designed with ultra-low noise figures, making them ideal for high-performance wireless communication.

b. Gain Performance

Gain is a measure of how much an amplifier increases the signal strength. Too much gain can lead to distortion, while too little can result in weak signals that don’t travel far enough. For wireless network optimization, it’s essential to choose an LNA with an appropriate gain level that matches the specific requirements of your application.

Our LNAs provide customizable gain options, allowing users to select the ideal amplification for their network needs.

c. Frequency Range

LNAs operate across various frequency bands, depending on the specific network and application. When selecting an LNA, ensure that it supports the frequency range required by your wireless network. This is particularly important for applications in different communication standards, such as 5G, Wi-Fi, and satellite communications.

Sanland offers LNAs with wide frequency coverage to accommodate a broad range of wireless technologies.

d. Linearity

Linearity refers to how well an amplifier maintains the proportional relationship between the input and output signals. Non-linear behavior can introduce distortion and degrade the quality of the transmitted data. For wireless networks, especially in high-demand environments, maintaining linearity is vital to avoid signal interference.

Our LNAs are engineered with high linearity, ensuring that the signal is amplified without introducing harmful distortion.

e. Power Consumption

Power efficiency is increasingly important, particularly in mobile and IoT applications where battery life is crucial. A low-power LNA can extend the operational life of devices without compromising on performance.

Sanland’s LNAs are optimized for low power consumption, providing efficient solutions for battery-powered wireless devices.

f. Size and Integration

In many wireless network applications, space is limited. Compact, integrated LNAs can help reduce the overall system size, which is especially important for portable and embedded devices. Choosing an integrated LNA that combines multiple functions can also reduce the complexity of your system.

Sanland provides both standalone and integrated LNA solutions, perfect for applications with space constraints.

 

3. Applications of LNAs in Wireless Network Optimization

LNAs are used in a variety of settings to enhance wireless network performance:

  • Base Station Equipment: LNAs help cellular base stations achieve better coverage and faster data rates by boosting weak signals before they are processed further.

  • 5G Networks: With the growing demand for faster and more reliable wireless connections, LNAs play a crucial role in optimizing 5G infrastructure, enabling high-speed data transmission over large areas.

  • Satellite Communication: For satellite communication, LNAs are used to amplify weak signals received from space, ensuring data transmission is clear and stable.

  • IoT Devices: IoT networks often operate with low power budgets and require efficient LNAs to optimize the limited signal strength while maintaining high reliability.

 

4. Sanland’s LNA Solutions for Wireless Network Optimization

At Sanland, we offer a range of low noise amplifiers designed to meet the needs of modern wireless networks. Our LNAs feature ultra-low noise figures, high gain, and excellent linearity, making them ideal for everything from 5G base stations to satellite communication systems.

Our product line also includes highly integrated solutions that offer flexibility in terms of power consumption, size, and frequency range. Whether you’re optimizing a small IoT network or deploying a large-scale communication infrastructure, Sanland’s LNAs provide the performance you need to ensure the success of your wireless network.

 

5. Conclusion

Choosing the best Low Noise Amplifier is crucial for optimizing the performance and reliability of wireless networks. By carefully considering factors such as noise figure, gain, frequency range, and power consumption, you can select the right LNA for your specific application. At Sanland, we provide high-quality, efficient, and versatile LNA solutions that can help drive your wireless network to new levels of performance.

 

If you’re looking to enhance your network’s capabilities, explore our LNA product offerings here or contact us for expert advice on selecting the right solution for your needs.

 

The 1.8GHz Forward Amplifier Module: Bridging Signals and Connecting the World

In today’s world, where seamless connectivity is expected everywhere, from remote villages to bustling cities, the reliability of communication systems is crucial. Whether it's a satellite transmitting data to Earth, a radar scanning for aircraft, or your smartphone picking up signals, the heart of these systems often lies in the power of forward amplifier modules. Today, we’re going to dive into the 1.8GHz forward amplifier module—a key component that's helping to keep signals strong and communication systems running smoothly.

What is a Forward Amplifier Module, and Why Does 1.8GHz Matter?

At its core, a forward amplifier is a device that takes weak signals and amplifies them, ensuring that they can travel further without losing quality. Picture it like a microphone in a crowded room—it picks up your voice and amplifies it so everyone can hear you clearly. Now, imagine this happening at frequencies used for critical technologies like satellite communication, radar, or even your mobile phone.

 

The 1.8GHz frequency falls into the S-band, a sweet spot used in a wide range of communication technologies. This frequency is particularly valuable because it balances performance with the ability to travel over long distances without significant interference. Whether you're downloading data from a satellite or connecting to the internet via a wireless network, chances are, some part of your signal has been boosted by a 1.8GHz forward amplifier module.

The Power of Signal Amplification

To understand how vital these modules are, consider the challenges faced in communication systems. A signal may originate from a transmitter, but along the way—whether through cables, atmospheric conditions, or physical obstacles—the signal loses strength. If you don’t amplify the signal along the way, it could end up too weak by the time it reaches its destination, leading to poor quality or even a complete drop in connection.

That’s where forward amplifiers come in. They take the input signal and give it a much-needed boost, ensuring that it stays strong, clear, and accurate when it finally reaches its receiver. For the 1.8GHz band, this is especially important because the signal has to travel through various media, including air (which can cause some loss), and maintain its integrity for reliable communication.

Real-World Applications of 1.8GHz Forward Amplifiers

In industrial automation, robotics, and precision instruments, connector performance is often the “invisible bottleneck” that limits system reliability. Traditional connectors can be hard to route in tight spaces, difficult to service, and prone to interference. WAIN’s MI Series miniature high‑density connectors give engineers a space‑saving, easily maintained, high‑reliability alternative.

MI Series Miniature High‑Density Connectors

 

Break the Space Barrier 

 

· MI connectors feature a compact form factor that is smaller than conventional products while integrating three functional modules—signal, power, and brake—into a single unit. This eliminates cable clutter and frees up valuable enclosure space, making the connectors easy to embed in robot joints, AGV control bays, or precision-instrument compartments.

· A partitioned, removable-module design allows users to detach either the signal or power section independently. If one module fails, the entire connector does not need to be replaced, dramatically reducing maintenance time and cost. Compared with traditional one-piece connectors, service efficiency is significantly improved.

 

Five Core Technology Innovations

 

1、One-Second Quick-Release — Latch Mechanism
MI connectors use an elastic latch-lock design that mates or unmated with a single press, cutting installation time. Anti-mis-mate coding ensures precise, reliable connections.

2、Vibration-Resistant Cold-Crimp Contacts
Contacts are cold-crimped—no soldering—delivering high-strength conductivity. Tested to withstand 500+ mating cycles, ideal for high-vibration environments such as industrial robots and rail systems.

3、360° Electromagnetic Shielding + Partitioned Isolation
Dual-layer protection:
• Outer full-metal shell blocks external EMI.
• Inner isolation chambers physically separate power and signal sections, eliminating crosstalk and guaranteeing zero-packet-loss data transmission.

4、Dual-Cable Exits for Flexible Routing
Independent power and signal channels exit through Ø 7.5 mm ports, accommodating large-gauge power and fine-gauge signal wires. The plug supports 180° dual-direction swivel, adapting to varied equipment layouts.

5、Visual Assembly — Top + Side Inspection Windows
Technicians can verify pin alignment in real time, preventing bent pins from blind mating. During service, windows enable rapid fault location, lowering technical complexity and downtime.

 

Proven in Harsh Environments

 

·Operating temperature: –40 °C … +130 °C

·Ingress protection: IP67 (mated, EN 60529) – suitable for aerospace and outdoor equipment

In enterprise applications, charging and power supply stability determine system availability and productivity. This 240W single-port PD 3.1 charging solution is renowned for its robust output and reliable design, capable of delivering steady power under heavy load and reducing downtime caused by power fluctuations. Whether for high-performance laptops, workstations, or robot control systems, this solution ensures stable operation of critical equipment, helping teams focus on core tasks.

 

As enterprises pursue digital transformation, they need power solutions that cover multiple scenarios. A broad 5V to 48V output 240W PD 3.1 Enterprise Charging Solution charger provides a unified power standard for a range of devices and peripherals, reducing procurement complexity and inventory costs. For organizations deploying across different environments, this means a one-time purchase can meet power needs for laptops, workstations, robots, and peripheral devices, improving procurement efficiency and operational flexibility.

240W PD3.1 48V Robert USB-C Charger

Robotics and industrial applications demand more from power supplies: wider voltage steps, faster dynamic regulation, and stronger voltage stabilization are key to achieving precise control and high reliability. The robot USB-C charger product is designed with robot workstations, educational robots, service robots, and robot charging in mind, ensuring efficient and stable energy delivery across diverse workloads and environments, helping enterprises production line stability and automation levels.

 

Enterprise-grade power must be powerful, but also safe and controllable. This 240W PD 3.1 Power Adapter features comprehensive protections (OVP/OCP/SCP/OTP), thermal management, meeting long-term operation and regulatory requirements to reduce fault rates and maintenance costs. At the same time, high efficiency and low standby power help enterprises cut energy costs. 

As IoT, smart manufacturing, automotive electronics, and medical devices continue to evolve, sensors have become the "sensory nerve" of intelligent systems. With growing demands for precision, miniaturization, and low power consumption, the requirements for frequency control components are also rising.

Crystal oscillators play a fundamental role in sensor systems by delivering stable clock signals, which ensure accurate data acquisition, processing, and transmission.

Crystal Oscillator Manufacturer

 In environmental sensors, they enable consistent sampling of temperature, humidity, and gas data. In medical devices, they support synchronized measurements such as heart rate or SpO2. In automotive radar and vision systems, oscillators are essential for high-speed communication and microsecond-level control.

JGHC crystal oscillators are widely integrated into sensor applications such as:

  • Smart environment monitoring (e.g., temperature, humidity, light, gas sensors)
  • Medical and wearable health devices (ECG, blood pressure, oxygen sensors)
  • Industrial automation (pressure, displacement, acceleration sensors)
  • Intelligent vehicles (camera modules, radar, LIDAR)
  • Smart infrastructure (noise detection, water quality sensing, etc.)

To address diverse technical requirements, JGHC offers:

Choosing a reliable crystal oscillator is critical to ensuring stable sensor performanceJGHC is committed to delivering advanced timing solutions to empower every sensing innovation in the intelligent world.